Quaternary ammonium compounds, their preparation and their use



United States Patent M 3,290,304 QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS, THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USE Gregoire Kalopissis, Paris, and Guy Vanlerberghe, Villiers Le Bel, France, assignors to LOreal, a corporation of France No Drawing. Original application Oct. 29, 19.62, Ser. No. 233,909. Divided and this application June 22, 1965, Ser. No. 485,135

Claims priority, application France, Nov. 2, 1961,

6 Claims. ci. 260--247.2)

This application is a division of application Serial No. 233,909, filed October 29, 1962, now abandoned.

This invention relates to novel quaternary ammonium compounds, to processes for their production and .to their use especially in cosmetic preparations.

According to a first feature of the present invention there are provided quaternary ammonium compounds of the general Formula I:

wherein R represents-a hydrocarbon group having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, R and R" represent, when they are taken separately, alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or hydroxyalkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and represent, when they are taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, a morpholine, piperidine or pyrrolidine group, R represents an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydro-xyalkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkylphenyl residue, for example, benzyl, and- X is an anion, e.g. chloride, bromide or iodide, or the group SO CH and compounds of the general Formula II:

which are the bases of which the compounds of general Formula I are the quaternary ammonium salts.

According to a further feature of the invention there is provided a process for the production of compounds of general Formulae I and II which comprises reacting together substantially equimolecular proportions of an alkali metal salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid of 10 to 3,290,304 Patented Dec. 6, 1966 18 carbon atoms of the general formula R-COOI-I with an epihalohydrin and a secondary amine of the formula in a solvent medium, separating the alkali metal halide which is formed and thereby isolating a compound of general Formula I, and to produce a compound of general Formula II, and thereby isolating a free base to which is added a quaternizing agent R X, in which R' is a lower alkyl or a benzyl.

Suitable acids for the process are, for example, lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acids. Preferred acids are the copra fatty acids and the tallow fatty acids.

Suitable secondary amines of formula are, for example, dimethylamine, diethyla'mine, diethanolamine, morpholine, piperidine and pyrrolidine.

The epihalohydrin employed is preferably epichlorohydrin.

Suitable agents for addition to a compound of Formula II, are, for example, dimethyl sulphate, methyl bromide, ethyl iodide, benzyl chloride and glycol chlorohydrin.

Suitable solvents for use as reaction media are, for example, isopropyl alcohol and tertiary butyl alcohol.

Compounds of general Formula I, according to the invention, have surface-active properties and are accordingly useful in various fields. They are of especial value in cosmetics and more particularly in the formulation of hair shampoos.

The compounds of general Formula I, when employed for the treatment of hair, impart thereto a gloss and a more pleasant handle and facilitate combing and dressing. Moreover, they have the essential advantage in the shampoo field that they are very well tolerated by the mucous membrane of the eye.

This latter property has been demonstrated by tests carried out on .the eyes of rabbits. The right eye of the rabbits was treated with a solution containing a com pound of general Formula I according to the invention, while the left eye was treated with a solution of cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide, which is a known quaternary ammonium compound in current use.

The tests are summarized in the following tables:

TABLE I Application of a Solution of CH3 02H: Application of a Solution of Cetyltrimethylarn- R- C O O OH2(|3H-CI-I2N monium Bromide in aH Concentration of 0.1 M-- p =3.5 OH 02115 $040113 Rabbits in a concentration of 0.1 M (4.69%) in which R-COO=copra fatty acid residue-pH=3.5

Right Eye Left Eye Observation 24 h. after Observation 7 days after Observation 24 h. after Observation 7 days after application application application application No. 1 2+; .Q. Healed 5++ (a) Healed. No. 2. 2+ do 5+++ (b) Healed-eornea less s my. No. 3...-.- 2 d0 5++ (b) Eyelid deformed opaque cornea. No. 4. 2 -do 2+++ (b) Partially opaque cornea.

TABLE II Application of a Solution of CH3 CzHrOH Application of a Solution of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide in a Concentration of 0.1 M

RC 00 OH2CHOHCH7N pH =3.5 02114011 SOiCHz' Rabbits in a concentration of 0.1 M (mol. wt. =487) in which R-COO= copra fatty acid residue-pH=3.5

Right Eye Left Eye Observation 24 h. after Observation 7 days after Observation 24 h. after Observation 7 days after application application application application Healed. Do. Do. No. 4. Opaque cornea eyelid deformed.

TABLE III Application of a Solution of CH3 C211 Application of a Solution of Cetyltrimethylam- R- C O O CH2CHOHCHz-N monium Bromide in aHConcentratiOn of 0.05 M

p =3.5 CZH SO4CHa' Rabbits in a concentration of 0.05 M (mol. Wt. =526) in which R-COO= residue of tallow fatty acidspH=3.5

Right Eye Left Eye Observation 24 h. after Observation 7 days after Observation 24 h. after Observation 7 days after application application application application 2+ Healed. 2+ Do. 2+ Do. 2++ Do.

TABLE IV Application of a Solution of CH; GHQ-CHI Application of a Solution of Getyltrimethylammonium Bromide in a Concentration of 0.1 M-

RC 00 OH2CHOHOH2N pH =3.5 CHz-CH: $040113- Rabbits in a concentration of 0.1 M (mol. wt. =537) in which R-GOO residue of tallow fatty acidspH=3.5

Right Eye Left Eye Observation 24 h. after Observation 7 days after Observation 24 h, after Observation 7 days after application application application application 3+++ (a) Healed. 3+++ 5+++ (b) Opaque corneaeyelid wrinkled.

Opalescent cornea-eyelid wrinkled.

TABLE V Application of a Solution of CH205H5 t CzHs Application of a Solution of Cetyltrimethylam- I monium Bromide in a Concentration of 0.1 M- R-COOCHzCHOHCHrN C1 pH=3.5

CaHa

Rabbits in a concentration of 0.1 M (mol. wt. =523.5) in which R-COO residue of tallow fatty acidspH=3.5

Right Eye Left Eye Observation 24 h. after Observation 7 days after Observation24 h. after- Observation 7 days after application application application application No. 1 2 Healed -3++ (a) .s Healed (traces cornea). No. 2. 2 do 3+++ (a) Opalescent cornea watering. No. 3 Nothing Nothing 2+++ (a) Eyelid deformedopaque cornea. No. 4. 2+ Healed 3+++ Healed.

TABLE VI Application of a Solution of CHr-CH: Application of a Solution of Cetyltrlmethylammonium Bromide in a Concentration of 0.05 M- R-COOOHaCHOHCHiN -/O I pH=3.5

Hz 0 Hz Rabbits 7 in a concentration of 0.05 M (mol. wt. =567) in which R-OOO= residue of tallow fatty acids-pH=3.5

Right Eye Left Eye Observation 24 h. after Observation 7 days after Observation 24 h. after Observation 7 days after application application application application No. 1..-..- 2+ Healed. No.2. 2++ Do. No. 3.- 2, weal; Do. No.4. 2+ Do.

The symbols employed in the foregoing tables have the following meanings:

1=Irritation of the bulbar or palpebral conjunctivae 2=Irritation of the bulbar and palpebral conjuntivae 3:2 plus watering (healing) 4:3 plus non-purulent secretion (healing) 5:4 plus purulent secretion-closing of the eyelids-dull cornea with possible insensitivity (slow, but possible healing) 6:5 plus attack on the palpebral edges and even on the skin.

Numbers 1 to 6 may be followed by 1 to 5 crosses, depending upon the intensity of the action.

Since the corneal lesions are of two types, the numbers corresponding to the most aggresive action may also be followed by:

(a)--Which corresponds to a loss of shine (dull'cornea) (b)-Which corresponds to the more or less complete destruction of the corneal epithelium with more or less extensive ulceration and loss of corneal sensitivity.

compounds, of a pH of 3.5,obtained by the addition of lactic acid, is heated on a boiling water bath, the rate of hydrolysis reaches only about after heating for hours, while it may reach 65% in the case of the nonquaterni-zed compounds of the above Formula II when they are treated under the same conditions. This stability to hydrolysis constitutes an appreciable advantage in the case of commercial aqueous solutions. These solutions, when stored for several months, remain absolutely clear and consequently perfectly suitable for use.

Accordingly there are further provided, according to the present invention, compositions for use in cosmetics, more especially as shampoos, which contain quaternary ammonium compounds of general Formula I. Preferably such compositions contain 0.5 to 10% by weight of the quaternary ammonium compound.

The cosmetic compositions according to the invention are preferably aqueous solutions and there may be added thereto products and adjuvants such as are usually employed in cosmetics, for example thickeners or non-ionic compounds.

The following examples will serve to illustrate the invention. Examples 1 to 7 relate to compounds of general Formulae I and II and to their production, while Examples 8 to 1-0 relate to cosmetic compositions containing compounds of general Formula I.

Example 1 0.5 mol. of copra fatty acid is dissolved in 1 litre of isopropyl alcohol and the stoichiometric quantity of KOH in solution in a minimum of water is added. A part of the solvent is evaporated off with stirring to eliminate the water and the same quantity of isopropa- I101 is added. There are then added, at a temperature between 45 and 50 C., with stirring, 0.5 mol.. of epichlorohydrin and 0.5 mol. of diethylamine. The whole is maintained at 50 C. for l to 2 hours, and it is then heated under reflux for several hours until the amine number, determined in the usual way by volumetric titration with the aid of hydrochloric acid in alcoholic medium and in the presence of bromophenol blue, remains constant. The solution is half-concentrated, and then cooled to a temperature between and C. The potassium chloride formed and precipitated is separated off.

The amino ester thus obtained has the following analytical characteristics:

M01. wt. M01. wt. Found Theoretical 011 number 330 322 Saponification number 330 329 Amine number 330 332 Quaternization is thereafter effected by adding a stoichiometrical quantity of dimethyl sulphate to the amino ester solution. After boiling for 2 hours, the solvent is evaporated, first under normal pressure and finally in vacuo in order to free the product from the final traces of isopropyl alcohol. pound of the formula:

There is thus obtained a comin which RCOO is a copra fatty acid residue.

This product is a yellow-colored viscous mass, readily soluble in water to give strongly foaming solutions.

The purity of this product is higher than 95%, according to titration by determination of the fatty acid content.

Example 2 By replacing, in Example 1, the diethylamine by diethanolamine, there is obtained a compound of the formula:

Example 3 Using the same conditions as in Example 1, but starting with a tallow fatty acid, there is obtained a compound of the formula:

can.

R-COOCHaOH-CH2N-C2H5 in which RCOO is a tallow fatty acid residue.

ANALYTICAL CHARACTERISTICS M.W. Theoretical M.W. Found OH Index 398 400 Saponificatlon Index. 398 398 Amine Index 398 414 8 Example 4 Using the same conditions as in Example 2, but replacing the copra fatty acid by tallow fatty acid, there is obtained a compound of the formula:

01120 H2O H R-C 0 O CI-Ir-OH-N-OHzCHzOH in which RCOO is a tallow fatty acid residue. i ANALYTICAL CHARACTERISTICS M.W. Theoretical M.W. Found OH Index 432 463 Saponifieation Iude 432 437 Amine Index 432 404 Example 5 Using the same conditions as in Example 1, but replacing the copra fatty acid by tallow fatty acid, and using benzyl chloride as quaternizing agent, there is obtained a compound of the formula:

CgHs

R-COOOHa-CHCH2-NC2H5 in which RCOO is a tallow fatty acid residue.

ANALYTICAL CHARACTERISTICS M.W. Theoretical M.W. Found Example 6 Using the same conditions as in Example 1, but replacing the diethylamine by morpholine and the copra fatty acids by tallow fatty acids, there is obtained a compound of the formula:

CH2OH1 R-COOCHz-CHOH2N )11 CH2O2 in which RCOO is a tallow fatty acid residue.

ANALYTICAL CHARACTERISTICS M.W. Theoretical M.W. Found OH Index 410 444 Saponification Index. 410 391 Amine Index 410 384 Example 7 Using the same conditions as in Example 6, but using ethyl iodide instead of methyl sulphate in the quaternizing process, a compound of the following formula is ob- There is prepared a composition of the following:

CzHt

R-COOCHzCHCHzN-CHs SO4CH3 2g.

copra 0H CH1 Ethyl alcohol 25 g.

Water q.s. for 100 cc.

. Anal.

The product is good anti-scruf lotion which has the (b) R and R" are selected from the group consisting advantage that it has substantially no irritating action of alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, hydroxy alkyl of 1 on the conjunctiva of the eye. to 4 carbon atoms and together with the nitrogen atom form a member selected from the group consist- 5 ing of monpholine, .piperidine and pyrrolidine.

2. An amine of the formula:

Example 9 There is prepared a composition of the following:

02 5 CZHOH RC OOCHz-CH-CHr-N R-OOOCHaOHOHz-NCH;OH SO4CH3 2.5 gl 10 6 CZ S tallow OH CH3 in which R-COO is the copra fatty acid residue. Lauryl alcohol condensed with 10 mol. of ethylene oxide 8.5 g. 3 A a i f th f r l Water, q.s. for. 100 cc. 02115 i 5 R-G O O CHr-(EHF-C H2N\ O H C 1H in which R COO is the tallow fatty acid residue.

4. An amine of the formula:

The product is a good shampoo Which has the advan- 1 tage that is has substantially no irritating action on the conjunctiva of the eye.

Example 10 Th d v f h f u 2 01 120112011 ere 1s prepare a \COmPOSItIOHO t e 0 owing. Rico OCHZ GH CH2 N OZHAOH OH CH2CH2OH 0 11 011 S040H3- 3 in which RCOO is the copra fatty acid residue. mm H CH3 5. An amine of the formula:

- H H H 0x0 alcohol, mo1. wt.=200, condensed with 12.5 mol. of C 20 2O ethylene oxide- 10 g. R-O O O CH:(|JHCHz-N Lauryl imidazoline quaternized by monochloracetic acid 5 g. 011 3H GH OH Water 100 in which R-COO is the tallow fatty acid residue.

6. An amine of the formula: The product is a good shampoo which has the advan- HnO-CH: tage that it has substantlally no irritating action on the conjunctiva of the eye. R GOOOHT(|JH CHT' N What is claimed is: OH H2C-CH2 An amme compound of the formula: in which RCO0 is the tallow fatty acid residue.

R) No references cited.

ALEX MAZEL, Primary Examiner.

wherein HENRY R. JILES, Examiner.

(a) R represents hydrocarbon of 10 to 18 carbon atoms J. TOVAR, Assistant Examiner.

and 

1. AN AMINE COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA:
 6. AN AMINE OF THE FORMULA: 